What is a contract that potentially provides one party considerably more than the other party may receive from it called?

A contract that potentially provides one party considerably more than the other party may receive from it is called an aleatory contract. Aleatory contracts are characterized by an unequal exchange of value, where the performance of one party is often dependent on uncertain events, such as in insurance agreements. For example, in an insurance policy, the insurer may collect a relatively small amount in premiums (what the insured pays), but may have to pay out a significantly larger sum (the policy limit) in the event of a loss or claim. This disproportionate benefit highlights the nature of the aleatory contract, as one party can gain a far greater return than they invested, based on uncertain circumstances.

Bilateral contracts involve mutual promises where both parties agree to perform specific duties, making this type of agreement more balanced in terms of what each side is expected to deliver. Unilateral contracts involve one party making a promise in exchange for performance by another party, typically creating a one-sided expectation until the performance occurs. Voidable contracts can be enforced or canceled at the discretion of one party, but they do not specifically imply an unequal exchange of value. Thus, these options do not capture the essence of a contract characterized by a significant disparity in benefits received.